Injury patterns in collegiate demonstration taekwondo athletes using association rules

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Injury patterns in collegiate demonstration taekwondo athletes using association rules

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Details: Category: 2025, Volume 21; 27 July 2025; Hits: 396

Byeong Seok Min¹, Minsoo Jeon²

¹Department of Taekwondo, Sunmoon University, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea;

² Department of International Sport, Dankook University, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea

Author for correspondence: Minsoo Jeon, Dankook University: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Byeong Seok Min: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5473-3320

Minsoo Jeon: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0617-3896

Abstract

Background and Study Aim: Lower extremity injuries are common among collegiate demonstration athletes, but there is limited research on their specific patterns. The cognitive goal of this research is knowledge about this category of injuries. The application goal is to provide recommendations on the prevention of this category of injuries and thus increase the personal safety of athletes.

Material and Methods: A cohort of 231 taekwondo athletes was surveyed using a questionnaire designed by experts to gather information on injury occurrence, frequency, context, and treatment methods. Data analysis was conducted through frequency analysis and the apriori algorithm, a method of association rule mining, utilizing Excel 2019 and Python.

Results: The most frequently injured sites were the ankle, toes, and knee, with ankle injuries exhibiting a notably high recurrence rate. The most prevalent injury pattern identified was during a demonstration → airborne movements, vertical/horizontal rotations, obstacle techniques → ankle → surgical intervention. The subsequent patterns included during a demonstration → airborne movements, vertical/horizontal rotations, obstacle techniques → knee → immobilization (cast) and during a demonstration → airborne movements, vertical/horizontal rotations, obstacle landing → knee → physiotherapy.

Conclusions: These results underscore that the airborne and rotational maneuvers characteristic of demonstration taekwondo are significant contributors to ankle and knee injuries. Such injuries often necessitate extensive medical interventions, highlighting the critical need for preventive strategies. A complementary approach, as a fundamental method used in the exploration (research and education) of innovative agonology, opens the prospect of improving interventions, both diagnostic and directly related to psychomotor activity in the preparatory process and the public presentation of taekwondo motor perfection. Therefore, a key element of preventive strategies is to resist the tempxation to achieve unique visual and marketing effects at the expense of health risks.

Keywords: complementary approach, innovative agonology, physical therapy, rotational movements

AMA
Byeong S, Jeon M. Injury patterns in collegiate demonstration taekwondo athletes using association rules. Arch Budo J Inn Agon. 2025;21.

APA
Byeong, S., & Jeon, M. (2025). Injury patterns in collegiate demonstration taekwondo athletes using association rules. Archives of Budo: Journal of Innovative Agonology, 21.

Chicago
Byeong, Seok, and Minsoo Jeon. 2025. "Injury Patterns in Collegiate Demonstration Taekwondo Athletes Using Association Rules." Archives of Budo: Journal of Innovative Agonology 21.

Harvard
Byeong, S. and Jeon, M. (2025) ‘Injury patterns in collegiate demonstration taekwondo athletes using association rules’, Archives of Budo: Journal of Innovative Agonology, 21.

MLA
Byeong, Seok, and Minsoo Jeon. "Injury Patterns in Collegiate Demonstration Taekwondo Athletes Using Association Rules." Archives of Budo: Journal of Innovative Agonology, vol. 21, 2025.

Vancouver
Byeong S, Jeon M. Injury patterns in collegiate demonstration taekwondo athletes using association rules. Arch Budo J Inn Agon. 2025;21.

OUR POLICY

Mission of ARCHBUDO

The specific mission of the Archives of Budo 2023 is to strive for a breakthrough in public perception of a broad class of combat sports and martial arts as specific means of innovative agonology.