Innovative method for predicting the chances of effective self-defence against physical aggression among children and adolescents based on the results of testing fights in a vertical posture

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Details: Category: 2024, Volume 20; 16 May 2024; Hits: 316

MICHAŁ KRUSZEWSKI¹, ARTUR KRUSZEWSKI¹, WOJCIECH NIEDOMAGAŁA²

¹University of Physical Education J. Pilsudski, Warsaw, Poland
²Department of Physical Education and Sport, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland

AUTHOR FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Artur Kruszewski; University of Physical Education J. Pilsudski, Warsaw, Poland; email: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Artur Kruszewski: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3930-7304

Kruszewski Michał: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6056-754X

Abstract

Background and Study Aim: The phenomenon of out-of-sport physical confrontations not only among children is not limited by age, 'weight category', gender, permissible means of physical pressure (this praxeological term also includes hitting) etc. The cognitive aim of this pilot study is to resolve, on the basis of laboratory observations, whether girls are likely to defend themselves effectively against physical aggression from boys their own age.

Material and Methods: In this research, we adopxed the opxion of forming testing group (TG) of either four people based on the following inclusion criteria: participation is voluntary and verbally confirmed by the parent or legal guardian of the minor: in each competition group, at least one person is of a separate gender (e.g. three boys and one girl); no health contraindications; the right to refuse further bouts at any time during the competition; identical calendar age of the participants in each competition group; as little variation in body weight as possible, but not identical; possibility of identical motor tests for girls and boys. We used ‘testing fights in a vertical posture’ (TFVP) – non-apparatus test: four sumo fights according to the simplified formula, in the system of ‘everybody with everybody else’. fight is conducted on a soft surface until one of the competitors wins in four scuffles. The contest area is made of space within a circle with a diameter of 3.6 m. Each scuffle aims at pushing the opponent outside the contest area or making him/her touch the ground with a part of the body other than feet. Prior to the TFVP subjects performed a ‘Rotation Test’ (RT) not preceded by a warm-up, then, after an individual short warm-up of three trials: standing broad jump, bent arm hang, sit up (30 seconds). Winning fights (F-Index) and the sum of scuffles (the S-Index) were documented. The raw results of the trials were referred to the Physical Fitness Score Tables of Polish Youth winners of the respective competition group. TFVP was implemented by 6 four-person groups: children aged 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 years (8 girls and 8 boys). A total of 24 children were observed with TFVP

Results: In the TGs of eight- to 11-year-olds, RP was decided by the number of TFVP wins (Tables 2 to 5). In both TGs of seven-year-olds (Table 5) and TG-9b (Table 6), RP was decided by S-Index differences in the setting of RP 1 and RP 2 and, separately, RP 3 and RP 4. In each of these groups, two children won two TFVPs and two won one TFVP. Among the four children who lost all TFVPs were exclusively boys. Irrespective of the proportion of TFVP wins, only the F-index of children ranked in the first RP is positively correlated very highly (r = 0.748 for directional test) with the overall motor potential index of the MP(4). In addition, the ‘hang index correlated almost fully with the F-index (r = 0.984, p<0.01) indicating a very significant contribution of upper limb muscle strength to victories.

Conclusions: The few F-Index associations and the lack of statistically significant S-Index correlations with physical fitness indices are an important premise, that the TFVP is a simple tool for predicting the chances of effective self-defence against physical aggression among children and adolescents. An important methodological finding is that identical physical fitness tests should be used for girls and boys, and the decomposition of raw scores should be based on the norms provided for the age of the TG winner. In further studies, TG should be established with girls and boys with a variety or similarities of empirical variables (e.g. identical age and body weight, different age and different body weight).

Key words: INNOAGON, non-apparatus test, ‘Rotation Test’, sumo, testing group

AMA:

Kruszewski M, Kruszewski A, Niedomagała W. Innovative method for predicting the chances of effective self-defence against physical aggression among children and adolescents based on the results of testing fights in a vertical posture. ARCH BUDO. 2024;20

APA:

Kruszewski, M., Kruszewski, A., & Niedomagała, W. (2024). Innovative method for predicting the chances of effective self-defence against physical aggression among children and adolescents based on the results of testing fights in a vertical posture. ARCH BUDO, 20

Chicago:

Kruszewski, Michał, Kruszewski Artur, Niedomagała Wojciech. 2024. "Innovative method for predicting the chances of effective self-defence against physical aggression among children and adolescents based on the results of testing fights in a vertical posture". ARCH BUDO 20

Harvard:

Kruszewski, M., Kruszewski, A., and Niedomagała, W. (2024). Innovative method for predicting the chances of effective self-defence against physical aggression among children and adolescents based on the results of testing fights in a vertical posture. ARCH BUDO, 20

MLA:

Kruszewski, Michał et al. "Innovative method for predicting the chances of effective self-defence against physical aggression among children and adolescents based on the results of testing fights in a vertical posture." ARCH BUDO, vol. 20, 2024

Vancouver:

Kruszewski M, Kruszewski A, Niedomagała W. Innovative method for predicting the chances of effective self-defence against physical aggression among children and adolescents based on the results of testing fights in a vertical posture. ARCH BUDO 2024; 20

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