Motor modifications versus movement habits in measuring the SFI phenomenon

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Details: Category: 2024, Volume 20; 30 December 2024; Hits: 122

Artur Kalina^1ABCDE, Artur Kruszewski^{2 ABCDE}, Bartłomiej Gąsienica-Walczak^3ABCDE*

¹Plus-Rehabilitation Services Ltd., Crystal Lake, USA
²Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
³Podhale State College of Applied Sciences in Nowy Targ, Health Institute, Poland

Orcid:
Artur Kalina https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9312-0254
Artur Kruszewski https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3930-7304
Bartłomiej Gąsienica-Walczak https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7818-6333

* Corresponding author: Bartłomiej Gąsienica Walczak; Health Institute, Podhale State College of Applied Sciences in Nowy Targ, Kokoszków 71, 34-400 Nowy Targ, Poland; (email: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

Abstract

Background and Study Aim: SFI is an abbreviation informing about the phenomenon of susceptibility to bodily injuries during a fall (unintentional or intentional). The assumption of motor modifications of subsequent tasks of the tests used is to create circumstances with two opposite properties: those that facilitate subconscious reduction of collision errors of some body parts with the ground during a simulated backward fall; those that make the simulated fall more difficult. The aim of the study is the cognitive value of motor modifications used in the basic test measuring the SFI phenomenon in relation to the movement habits of young adults.
Material and Methods: Secondary analysis was performed on observations of 35 physiotherapy students participating in the ‘test-retest’ procedure (7 days apart) of susceptibility test body injuries during a fall (STBIDF). The analysis was based on modified (more precise) criteria for observing the SFI phenomenon, taking into account recommendations from previous studies. The novelty is: a) abandoning the separation of type II errors during the evaluation of the lower and upper limbs; b) separating in the analysis repeated simulations of a backward fall on the same level (Tasks 1 and 2) and a fall from a height with the feet down (Task 3); c) considering the cause of the hip error during Tasks 1 and 2 as improper cushioning of the fall by the lower limbs; d) documenting errors of each hand separately. The consequence is an increase from 14 to 15 points of the extremely negative test result (SBIDF Index) – the sum of errors of each of the five observed body parts (legs, hips, each hand separately, head) during three simulated backward falls. Two modifications (pressing the sponge with the chin to the torso and clapping during a simulated backward fall) during Tasks 2 and 3 provide information either about resistance to these modifications, or about the tendency to increase the number of errors, or about sensitivity, the effect of which is subconscious reduction of errors during the collision with the ground. One modification (Task 3) cumulates the mentioned cognitive values of these modifications with knowledge about the motor (often also mental) effects of the necessary backward jump (from a platform of about 20 cm) preceding the simulated fall from a height with the feet down.
Results: Students made 59.43% of possible errors during the ‘test’ procedure, and 60.95% during the ‘retest’. The smallest fraction (25.71%) turned out to be students who reduced errors of body impact with the ground during the simulated backward fall. The fractions of stable people in terms of the number of errors made during ‘test’ and ‘retest’ and those who increase the number of errors during the repeated test are equal (37.14% each). Completely resistant to motor modifications during the test (100% errors) were 5.71% during ‘test’ and ‘retest’, of which one person (2.86%) during both stages of evaluation. The correlation of the number of errors made in both stages of observation is very high (r = 0.792, p<0.01), and between body parts in relation to identical Tasks almost full, respectively: 0.988; 0.990; 0.999. Based on the cumulative errors from all observations, the probability of injury during a fall increases in two circumstances: at the same level (the further the body part is from the support of the feet: legs and hips 15%; right hand 75%; left hand 74%; head 86%); during a fall from a height with the feet down (legs and hips 73%; right hand 71%; left hand 74%; head 90%). As a result of stabilization and migration of errors, in both stages of observation, people with the average Index SBIDF (46% each) dominated; the 5.6% extreme Index SBIDF remained; the high Index SBIDF increased by 9% during the ‘retest’; the very high (5.6%) was reduced to zero and from 8.6% to 5.6% low. Effectiveness of ‘sponge and clapping’ in reducing errors with both hands and head simultaneously: Task 1 test vs. Task 2 (20%); Task 1 vs. Task 3 (12%); retest, 14%; 8%, respectively.
Conclusions: The motor habits established during adolescence, associated with multiple changes of vertical to horizontal posture during the day (tilting the head), and even more often sitting on platforms (chairs, etc.) or the ground, supporting oneself with hands (also when getting up), suppress the positive adaptive potential of the applied motor modifications in STBIDF. These observations, associated with the previous recommendations of the experts of the ‘Polish School of Safe Falling’, extend the evidence of ignoring necessary interventions starting from preschool education.

Keywords: fall at the same level, fall from a height with the feet down, Polish School of Safe Falling,

AMA:
Kalina A, Kruszewski A, Gąsienica-Walczak B. Motor modifications versus movement habits in measuring the SFI phenomenon. Archives of Budo Journal of Innovative Agonology. 2024;20.
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APA:
Kalina, A., Kruszewski, A., & Gąsienica-Walczak, B. (2024). Motor modifications versus movement habits in measuring the SFI phenomenon. Archives of Budo Journal of Innovative Agonology, 20.
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Chicago:
Kalina, Artur, Artur Kruszewski, and Bartłomiej Gąsienica-Walczak. "Motor Modifications Versus Movement Habits in Measuring the SFI Phenomenon." Archives of Budo Journal of Innovative Agonology 20 (2024).
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Harvard:
Kalina, A., Kruszewski, A., & Gąsienica-Walczak, B., 2024. Motor modifications versus movement habits in measuring the SFI phenomenon. Archives of Budo Journal of Innovative Agonology, 20.
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MLA:
Kalina, Artur, Artur Kruszewski, and Bartłomiej Gąsienica-Walczak. "Motor Modifications Versus Movement Habits in Measuring the SFI Phenomenon." Archives of Budo Journal of Innovative Agonology, vol. 20, 2024.
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Vancouver:
Kalina A, Kruszewski A, Gąsienica-Walczak B. Motor modifications versus movement habits in measuring the SFI phenomenon. Archives of Budo Journal of Innovative Agonology. 2024;20.

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The specific mission of the Archives of Budo 2023 is to strive for a breakthrough in public perception of a broad class of combat sports and martial arts as specific means of innovative agonology.