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Details: Category: 2025, Volume 21; 19 February 2025; Hits: 117

Paweł Adam Piepiora^1ABCDE, Jolita Vveinhardt^1DE

¹ Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
² Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania

* Author for correspondence: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Authors:

Piepiora Paweł Adam: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6525-3936
Vveinhardt Jolita: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6231-9402

Abstract

Background and Study Aim: In conjunction with the evolution of karate, a variety of systems for sport competition kumite have emerged, including semi contact, knockdown, full contact, and mix fighting. These systems are distinguished by divergent rules for resolving confrontations, which in turn affects the health and safety of competitors. At present, two predominant systems of sport fighting kumite exist: semi contact (as defined by the World Karate Federation (WKF)) and full contact (as defined by Karate Combat (KC)). These systems differ in their impact on the safety, health and injuries of competitors, particularly in the context of sport fighting among male competitors. The objective of this article is the author's classification of karate competitors in relation to the kumite sport fighting systems: semi contact and full contact.

Material and Methods: The methodology employed involved the analysis of digital records of league fights in the organizations WKF for semi contact and KC for full contact from the 2024 season. In addition, the method of competent judges was used to determine the types of karate competitors based on the combat tactics analysed. Based on this, three conventional types for semi contact and three conventional types for full contact were derived. When creating this classification, we consciously depart from the strict semantic links with combat sports theory, and even more so agonology (science about struggle)

Results: Semi-contact karate competitors: of the first type (SC1) fight ‘technically’ (fighting based on innovative, non-standard actions without clear offensive or defensive preferences), of the second type (SC2) fight ‘defensively’ clear defensive preferences), of the third type (SC3) fight in a ‘mixed manner’ – technically and defensively. In the context of karate competitors engaging in full contact, the classification system encompasses three distinct types: FC1, characterized by combative fighting (demonstrating superiority without the need for a knockout); FC2, marked by close combat; and FC3, aimed at achieving knockout (extremely offensive/aggressive type).

Conclusions: Since scientific knowledge about struggle is not widespread among combat sports practitioners (not only karate), this classification can be an inspiration for deeper reflection on the sense of improving oneself through hand-to-hand combat training.

Keywords: injuries, sport confrontations, tameshiwari, techniques

AMA:
Piepiora PA, Vveinhardt J. Modern classification of types of karate competitors in kumite according to semi-contact and full-contact rules. Arch Budo J Inn Agon. 2025;21.
APA:
Piepiora, P. A., & Vveinhardt, J. (2025). Modern classification of types of karate competitors in kumite according to semi-contact and full-contact rules. Arch Budo J Inn Agon, 21.
Chicago:
Piepiora, Paweł Adam, and Jolita Vveinhardt. 2025. "Modern Classification of Types of Karate Competitors in Kumite According to Semi-Contact and Full-Contact Rules." Arch Budo J Inn Agon 21.
Harvard:
Piepiora, P. A., & Vveinhardt, J. (2025). Modern classification of types of karate competitors in kumite according to semi-contact and full-contact rules. Arch Budo J Inn Agon, 21.
MLA:
Piepiora, Paweł Adam, and Jolita Vveinhardt. "Modern Classification of Types of Karate Competitors in Kumite According to Semi-Contact and Full-Contact Rules." Arch Budo J Inn Agon, vol. 21, 2025.
Vancouver:
Piepiora PA, Vveinhardt J. Modern classification of types of karate competitors in kumite according to semi-contact and full-contact rules. Arch Budo J Inn Agon. 2025;21.

OUR POLICY

Mission of ARCHBUDO

The specific mission of the Archives of Budo 2023 is to strive for a breakthrough in public perception of a broad class of combat sports and martial arts as specific means of innovative agonology.