Michał Kruszewski1A-D

 1 Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Poland;

Corresponding author:  Michał Kruszewski, University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Poland; This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Abstract

Background and Study Aim: Self-defence, in spite of its momentous links with personal security, quality of life and public health, is a phenomenon insufficiently explored by science, especially in complementary terms. These three aspects of linkages do not exhaust knowledge about self-defence precisely because of the complementarity factor. The aim of this paper is to argue, based on empirical evidence, for the necessity of the complementary use of self-defence exercises in the education of young people as early as possible in ontogeny.

Material and Methods: The author imitatively analyses unique, unpublished research findings from Jaroslaw Szajerski's diploma thesis on testing fights in a vertical posture (TFVP) of eleven-year-old girls (n = 16) in round robin system during a cycle of physical education classes. The result of TFVP (type non-apparatus test) is conventional criterion of talent for combat sports and self-defence. Each TFVP ends with one of the participants winning 4 scuffles based on a simplified sumo formula (the possible result is in the proportions of won scuffle from 4:0 to 4:3). Effectiveness was measured by two indices: F-Index (proportion of fights won) and S-Index (proportion of scuffles won). Muscle strength was measured by four indices: total score (Index MS) and each of the three trials (standing broad jump, bent arm hand, sit ups) of the International Physical Fitness Test. Somatic potential by three indicators: body height, body mass, BMI. The individual profiles taking into account the nine indicators were based on the principle of comparing the proportion of the score to the highest leader value of each indicator.

Results: The result of the post-hot reveals four factions: A1 female leader who won all TFVPs (F-Index = 100%), but not all scuffles (S-Index 81%); B female students who won more than half of the TFVPs (n = 6) – individual codes B2 to B7; C female students who won less than half of the TFVPs (n = 8) - individual codes C8 to C15; D16 female student who did not win a single TFVP. Leader A1 dominated with the highest scores of 5 indices: F-Index, S-Index, body height, body mass, BMI. The physically strongest student (B7) 2 indices: Index MS and trial ‘sit ups’, The farthest jumped was by student B6 and the longest continued ‘bent arm hand’ was by student C13, at the same time with the lowest body mass (30 kg) and the lowest BMI (14.07). Almost full correlation (r = 0.906 and r = 0.900, p<0.05) occurs between BMI and F-Index, with fractions C and B, respectively. The correlation of BMI with F-Index considering all female students (n = 16) is statistically significant and very high (r = 0.758, p<0.01). The correlation of muscle strength with TFVP performance indices is low: with F-Index r = 0.037, with S-Index r = 0.023.

Conclusions: During mild hand-to-hand-combat measures, the greater likelihood of successful self-defence against physical aggression by female peers should be linked to the somatic potential of eleven-year-old girls identified with BMI. However, the determining factor for success in most such interpersonal confrontations will be the predisposition to combat sports and self-defence, i.e. traits strongly determined by the mental sphere of personality (courage, will to fight, bravery, self-esteem, intelligence, etc.). If TFVP were widely used in physical education practice, the results of such observations would be a good predictor of necessary interventions to strengthen the defensive potential (personal safety) of students with the lowest F-Index and S-Index.

Keywords: aggressions, INNOAGON, preventive medicine, self-defence, violence

AMA:
Kruszewski M. Testing fights in a vertical posture of 11-year-old schoolgirls in round robin system as an example of complementary health and survival education in a modern school. Arch Budo J Inn Agon. 2025;21.
APA:
Kruszewski, M. (2025). Testing fights in a vertical posture of 11-year-old schoolgirls in round robin system as an example of complementary health and survival education in a modern school. Archives of Budo Journal of Innovative Agonology, 21.
Chicago:
Kruszewski, Michał. 2025. "Testing Fights in a Vertical Posture of 11-Year-Old Schoolgirls in Round Robin System as an Example of Complementary Health and Survival Education in a Modern School." Archives of Budo Journal of Innovative Agonology 21.
Harvard:
Kruszewski, M. (2025). Testing fights in a vertical posture of 11-year-old schoolgirls in round robin system as an example of complementary health and survival education in a modern school. Archives of Budo Journal of Innovative Agonology, 21.
MLA:
Kruszewski, Michał. "Testing Fights in a Vertical Posture of 11-Year-Old Schoolgirls in Round Robin System as an Example of Complementary Health and Survival Education in a Modern School." Archives of Budo Journal of Innovative Agonology, vol. 21, 2025.
Vancouver:
Kruszewski M. Testing fights in a vertical posture of 11-year-old schoolgirls in round robin system as an example of complementary health and survival education in a modern school. Arch Budo J Inn Agon. 2025;21.