A scale of weekly psychomotor activity from the perspective of personal safety in a complementary framework

Slide_psycholog

Psychological indicators of mental health in boxing athletes according to gender

It has been observed that the gender differences in personality traits found in our study contradict the findings of other researchers, who have reported higher levels of negative traits such as TA and Nu in wome

Slide_reconssidering

Reconsidering the essence of Chinese wushu from ontological, epistemological and axiological perspectives

Chinese wushu can thus be understood as a distinctive mode of embodied attack and defence practice historically crystallised into a quan centred knowledge system within Chinese culture...

Slide_A_Scale

A scale of weekly psychomotor activity from the perspective of personal safety in a complementary framework

The inclusion of WPAS in scientific analyses of indicators recorded particularly during interdisciplinary research opens up new avenues for cognitive and practical applications.

Slide_Ashwaganda

Effects of ashwagandha (withania somnifera) supplementation on strength and anaerobic capacity of upper and lower limbs of elite wrestlers

Ashwagandha does not improve muscle strength in elite wrestlers; however, it may enhance athletes’ tolerance to fatigue resulting from an intensive training period, as evidenced by measures of anaerobic capacity in the upper and lower limbs

Slide_Men_effect_of_ph

Effect of physical activity on emotional intelligence in children aged 7-14: systematic review

Similar results were observed regardless of cultural context and methodology of included studies, showing importance of physical activity for school-aged children and its link to their mental well-being

Slide_Shoulder

Shoulder joint position sense in judo athletes

The error for the target angles of 120° was the smallest in the pulling hand, thus suggesting a better sense of position

Slide_Men_Kendo

Men strike motion in kendo eighth dan practitioners: a time series analysis of joint and shinai angle commonalities and variability

Eighth dan kendo practitioners share stable technical features in men strike with selective scope for individual adapxation

Slide_ICF

An ICF-based approach to evaluating the functional profile and independence in the daily life of people after Spinal Cord Injury participating in the Foundation for Active Rehabilitation camp

The three types of visualization proposed in the article can be used by therapy-instructional teams to plan targeted interventions.

Slide_Men_Dominant

Visual precedent in pedagogical projection as a means of forming ideas about hand-to-hand combat without weapons systems

This publication may be an example of countering the tendency to promote neo-gladiatorism under the attractive name of mixed martial arts (MMA).

Slide_Men_The_EFF

The effect of complete fasting on urinary oxidative stress indicators in middle-aged individuals – preliminary studies

8-day fasting in trained middle-aged men and women induces a state of increased oxidative stress and proteinuria, indicating significant metabolic and renal burden

Slide_Men_The_EFF

Strategic adaptation in Para Taekwondo following the five-minute single-round rule: the 2023 World Championships and 2024 Paris Paralympics

Under the revised Para Taekwondo rules prioritizing technical efficiency and defensive stability is significantly more critical for winning than merely increasing offensive volum

Slide_Men_The_EFF

Testing fights in a vertical posture of 11-year-old
schoolgirls in round robin system as an example of complementary health and survival education in amodern school

During mild hand-to-hand-combat measures, the greater likelihood of successful self-defence against physical aggression by female peers should be linked to the somatic potential of eleven-year-old girls identified with BMI

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Personality traits in male judo and Brazilian jiu-jitsu athletes with the use of different questionnaires

It seems advisable to introduce appropriate pedagogical and psychotherapeutic content into combat sports training to reduce the negative impact of personality traits on mental and physical health.

Details: Category: 2026, Volume 22; 10 June 2026; Hits: 244

Artur Kalina¹, Roman Maciej Kalina², Michał Kruszewski³, Artur Kruszewski³, Bartłomiej Gąsienica Walczak⁴

¹Plus-Rehabilitation Services Ltd., Crystal Lake, USA
²EKO-AGRO-FITNESS Prof. Roman M. Kalina, Poland
³ Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Poland
⁴ Health Institute, University of Applied Sciences in Nowy Targ, Poland

Author for correspondence: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Artur Kalina: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9312-0254
Roman Maciej Kalina: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2064-2724
Artur Kruszewski: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3930-7304
Michał Kruszewski: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6056-754X
Bartłomiej Gąsienica-Walczak: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7818-6333

Abstract

Background and Study Aim: The concepx of ‘personal safety’ encompasses concern for health without assigning hierarchical weight to its key components: physical, mental and social. However, this perspective separates individual responsibility for the various components of health. The primary responsibility for the physical and mental health of an adult lies with the individual themselves. Parents or other legal guardians are directly responsible for the personal safety of minors. Responsibility for social health lies with the governments of individual states. Whilst governments have the tools to control and impose restrictions on individuals who harm physical or mental health (or both dimensions of health simultaneously), societies are no longer in such a comfortable position. On the contrary, due to the passivity of governments, and even more so as a result of the creation of counterproductive laws, the spread of numerous pathologies is becoming a common occurrence. Sanctions against the perpetrators of the most heinous crimes are often mitigated, yet governments do not face the courts of justice. A key factor in the deepening crisis of personal security within the global society of the Internet and AI is the lack of coherent recommendations from the scientific community, including those of a complementary nature. The aim of this work is to propose an original scale of weekly psychomotor activity, with the potential for its application beyond scientific research.
Material and Methods: The Weekly Psychomotor Activity Scale (WPAS) is somewhat opposed to the 'physical activity' paradigm. WPAS Index '0' indicates the 'counterproductive' category of stimuli (sedentary lifestyle, particularly work at a computer); '1 to 7' indicate stimuli that are 'increased impulse force without guaranteeing an opximal level of personal safety'; '8 to 10' indicate stimuli that have a 'positive impact on personal safety.'

Results: Effective use of the WPAS also requires, particularly in published academic works, a clear distinction between activities which, in the propaganda surrounding these sports, are disguised under the appealing name of ‘mixed martial arts’, and those that are genuinely extreme (without people maiming one another), which carry a high risk of loss of life or health. Although some of these activities qualify as extreme sports, even with Olympic status, the majority do not meet the criteria for inclusion in WPAS. The most striking example is mountaineering, apart from isolated, unique feats involving a high risk of loss of life or health.

Conclusion: The inclusion of WPAS in scientific analyses of indicators recorded particularly during interdisciplinary research opens up new avenues for cognitive and practical applications. Even if, in the initial concepxualisation of research projects involving human subjects, the factor of weekly psychomotor activity appears to be of little significance, new scientific discoveries, even after many years, present an opportunity to apply the innovative method of reviewing omitted implication. This recommendation refers to the not always recognised dimension of scientific solidarity and responsibility for the collective fulfilment of science’s social mission (not to discard raw research data and to be open to sharing it with other researchers whilst respecting the principles of priority and reciprocity).

Keywords: extreme sport, health, neogladiatorialism, omitted implications

AMA
Kalina A, Kalina RM, Kruszewski A, Kruszewski M, Gąsienica-Walczak B. A scale of weekly psychomotor activity from the perspective of personal safety in a complementary framework. Arch Budo J Innov Agon. 2026;22.
APA
Kalina, A., Kalina, R. M., Kruszewski, A., Kruszewski, M., & Gąsienica-Walczak, B. (2026). A scale of weekly psychomotor activity from the perspective of personal safety in a complementary framework. Arch Budo Journal of Innovation Agonology, 22.
Chicago
Kalina Artur, Roman Maciej Kalina, Artur Kruszewski, Michał Kruszewski, and Bartłomiej Gąsienica-Walczak. 2026. “A Scale of Weekly Psychomotor Activity from the Perspective of Personal Safety in a Complementary Framework.” Arch Budo Journal of Innovation Agonology 22.
Harvard
Kalina, A., Kalina, R.M., Kruszewski, A., Kruszewski, M. and Gąsienica-Walczak, B. (2026) ‘A scale of weekly psychomotor activity from the perspective of personal safety in a complementary framework’, Arch Budo Journal of Innovation Agonology, 22.
MLA
Kalina, Artur, et al. “A Scale of Weekly Psychomotor Activity from the Perspective of Personal Safety in a Complementary Framework.” Arch Budo Journal of Innovation Agonology, vol. 22, 2026.
Vancouver
Kalina A, Kalina RM, Kruszewski A, Kruszewski M, Gąsienica-Walczak B. A scale of weekly psychomotor activity from the perspective of personal safety in a complementary framework. Arch Budo J Innov Agon. 2026;22.

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Mission of ARCHBUDO

The specific mission of the Archives of Budo 2023 is to strive for a breakthrough in public perception of a broad class of combat sports and martial arts as specific means of innovative agonology.